{"id":438642,"date":"2024-01-30T12:03:56","date_gmt":"2024-01-30T09:03:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.tunisie-direct.com\/ar\/?p=438642"},"modified":"2024-01-30T12:03:56","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T09:03:56","slug":"%ef%ad%98%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tunisie-direct.com\/ar\/2024\/01\/30\/%ef%ad%98%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%81%d9%88%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a9-4\/","title":{"rendered":"\ufb58\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (4)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u06a4\u064e\u0631\u0641\u064a <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0633 (1899-1961) \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f (1896-1969) \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u062a (1910-1963) \u0631\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639\u0629 “\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a” (\u0643\u0630\u0627) \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627 “\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0627” \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (1943). <\/div><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0628\u062f\u0648 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u0628\u0631\u0627 (1876-1952) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1927 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 “\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u063a\u064f\u0635\u0646” \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0646” \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0633 \u062a\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0645\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0624\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u0627\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0627. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627 “\u0631\u064f\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0646” \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062d\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 1917-1918 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 “\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0623\u062f\u0650\u0648\u0627\u0631” \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1931 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 “\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631” \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0632\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u062a Robert Chamboulan. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0643 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0639\u0651\u0631\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

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\u0648\u0644\u0645\u0651\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u063a\u0631\u0627\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0634\u0643\u0651\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0643\u0633\u0651\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0633\u0646\u0629 1892 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u0646\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0645\u0630 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u063a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0627\u0621:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0643 Albert Lavignac (1846-1916) \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0646\u0633 Camille Saint-Sa\u00ebns (1835-1921) \u0648\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0644 Paul Vidal (1863-1931) \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646 Max d\u2019Olonne (1875-1959) \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0643\u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u064a Bougnalt-Ducoudray (1840-1910). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062f\u062a 16 \u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0632\u0641\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u063a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0633 \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633. \u0644\u062d\u0651\u0646 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0645 (oratorio) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0645 (cantique) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0645\u062b\u0644 “\u0647\u0648 \u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0628\u062d” \u0644\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c “\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0621” \u0644\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a “\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0635\u0631” \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0643\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0633\u0639\u062f \u0632\u063a\u0644\u0648\u0644. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a “\u0643\u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\/ \u0644\u0644\u0639\u064f\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645” \u0634\u0639\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0646\u062e\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1927. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0633\u062c\u0628\u0644\u0651 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0649\u0629 ( \u0627\u0633\u0642\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0623\u0647\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0651\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0651\u0627\u0633) \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0646\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0628\u0643\u0629). <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1908 \u0644\u062d\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u064a\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1908 \u0644\u062d\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0651\u0645\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0625\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0638\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u064a\u062f \u064a\u064f\u0639\u0632\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0623\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0628\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1910 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u064f\u0645\u0651\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 “\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649” \u062b\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1925 \u0641\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627 “\u0643\u0646\u0633\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a” \u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1952. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0634\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (1914\u06401918) \u0623\u0642\u0641\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0622\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u062a Sonom\u00e8tre \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0651\u0627\u0647 “\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064a” la gamme universelle \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u0645\u0627. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0642\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1932. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u0648\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u063a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d\u0627\u064b”. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

(\u064a\u062a\u0628\u0639) <\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u062f. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u06a4\u064e\u0631\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0651\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0633 (1899-1961) \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f (1896-1969) \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0628\u0643\u0631 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u062a (1910-1963) \u0631\u0648\u0651\u0627\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0651\u0639\u0629 “\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a” (\u0643\u0630\u0627) \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0651\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0637\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627 “\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0639 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0627” \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0631\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0648\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0628\u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 (1943). […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":438649,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[113,110],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-438642","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-113","category-110"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tunisie-direct.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/438642","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tunisie-direct.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tunisie-direct.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tunisie-direct.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tunisie-direct.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=438642"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.tunisie-direct.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/438642\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":438650,"href":"https:\/\/www.tunisie-direct.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/438642\/revisions\/438650"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tunisie-direct.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/438649"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tunisie-direct.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=438642"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tunisie-direct.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=438642"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tunisie-direct.com\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=438642"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}